Mandated Functions - Mandated functions are activities that townships are required to perform. In accordance with the wants and needs of their community, townships can also perform many other functions, such as planning and zoning, public safety, cemeteries, and parks and recreation. State law mandates three township functions: property assessment, tax collection and elections administration. This information is from the Michigan Township Association.

Clark is one of 1,240 townships in Michigan that cover 96% of land in Michigan outside of cities.įollowing is a brief description of what a township government like Clark Township is required to serve the needs of its residents. New York: Nova.For communities like Clark Township, Township government is the form of government closest to the people. Marais (Eds.), Small town geographies in Africa experiences from South Africa and elsewhere (pp. Local implementation of national policy: “Breaking New Ground” in the coastal towns of the Overberg municipal area? In R. Townships in South African cities – literature review and research perspectives. Jürgens, U., Donaldson, R., Rule, S., & Bähr, J. A review of literature on transformation processes in South African townships. Relocation: To be or not to be a black diamond in a South African township. Report prepared for the City of Cape Town.ĭonaldson, R., Mehlomakhulu, T., Darkey, D., Dyssel, M., & Siyongwana, P. Analysis and highlighting of lessons learnt and best practices in the urban renewal programme. Cape Town, South Africa: David Philip.ĭonaldson, R., & Du Plessis, D. Interpreting the 1994 African township landscape. Pretoria, South Africa: Author.Ĭrankshaw, O., & Parnell, S. Johannesburg, South Africa: Author.Ĭo-Operative Governance Traditional Affairs. Voices of anger: protest and conflict in two municipalities. Unpublished paper, Department of Sociology, University of Stellenbosch.Ĭentre for Development and Enterprise. Xenophobic violence in South Africa: Reflections on the events of May and June 2008. Review of African Political Economy, 37(123), 25–40.īekker, S. Rebellion of the poor: South Africa’s service delivery protests – a preliminary analysis.

Township township definition