To be eligible to be a Supreme Court Justice, a person must have practiced law in Indiana at least ten years or have served at least five years as a trial court judge. The Governor then selects one as the new justice. When a vacancy occurs on the Court, the seven member Judicial Nominating Commission recommends three qualified candidates to the Governor. If a majority votes to retain the justice, they start a ten year term subject to a statewide retention vote every ten years. After that initial term, the new justice is subject to a statewide retention vote. In an effort to foster input from citizens, justices are chosen via “merit selection” to serve initial terms of two years. The Court is made up of five justices, including one Chief Justice. The Supreme Court may also review decisions of the Indiana Court of Appeals or the Indiana Tax Court. The Court can also directly review appeals involving judgments imposing a death sentence or life imprisonment without the possibility of parole, from the denial of post-conviction relief in which the sentence is death, waiver of parental consent to abortion, unconstitutional state or federal statutes, and orders issued by lower courts mandating funds.

The Indiana Supreme Court has original jurisdiction over: the practice of law the discipline and disbarment of attorneys the unauthorized practice of law the discipline, removal, and retirement of justices and judges and the supervision of the exercise of jurisdiction by other courts and issuance of writs necessary in aid of its jurisdiction. The Supreme Court of Indiana is the state's highest appellate court and is the court of last resort on the interpretation of Indiana’s laws, its constitution, and the safeguards expressed in the state’s bill of rights.

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